Atmospheric Circulation of Hot Jupiters

Abstract
The full-phase infrared light curves of low-eccentricity hot Jupiters show a trend of increasing dayside-to-nightside brightness temperature difference with increasing equilibrium temperature. Here, we present a three-dimensional model that explains this relationship, in order to provide insight into the processes that control heat redistribution in tidally locked planetary atmospheres. This three-dimensional model combines predictive analytic theory for the atmospheric circulation and dayside–nightside temperature differences over a range of equilibrium temperatures, atmospheric compositions, and potential frictional drag strengths with numerical solutions of the circulation that verify this analytic theory. The theory shows that the longitudinal propagation of waves mediates dayside–nightside temperature differences in hot Jupiter atmospheres, analogous to the wave adjustment mechanism that regulates the thermal structure in Earth's tropics.

Happy New Year!

"....from so simple a beginning endless forms most beautiful and most wonderful have been, and are being, evolved...."

Parasitic fungus doses cicadas with psilocybin and makes their butts fall off.

Eidolon is generally not high on my list, but this article about teaching middle-schoolers Latin is charming.

Most 6th graders seem to readily adopt ancient language and culture. (I remember going through a serious ancient Egypt phase myself in the 6th grade.) They’re not only excited to speak a dead language — they want to live it. One parent shared with me that her son was regularly reclining at the dinner table “like a Roman.” Another set of parents shared that their daughter was calling them “mater et pater” at home. This engagement with the culture is most resonant in mythology. Many students come into my class with extensive background in Greek and Roman myths, partly due to the popular Percy Jackson series and partly due to classics like D’Aulaires. My jaw dropped the day I heard a 6th student casually include ichor in our informal discussion of the Greco-Roman pantheon.

Byrne's edition of Euclid's Elements, online.

ht: Open Culture

Flaming Pudding Carol Lyrics

A public service, since these proved rather hard to track down via Google - the lyrics to The Flaming Pudding Carol:

Come bring with a noise
My merry, merry boys
The Christmas pudding a-flaming.
Hospitality
Bids ye all be free
And eat to your hearts' desiring.

With the last year's brand
Light the Yule Log and
For good success in his spending
On your psalteries play
The sweet luck may
Come while the log is a-tending.

Drink now the strong beer,
Cut the white loaf here
The while the meat is a-shredding.
For the rare mince pie
And the plums stand by
To fill the paste that's a-kneading.

Repeat first verse

(The recording has "Drink now with good cheer." Whatever.)

Season's Greetings in Reykjavik:

A new statue of the Icelandic Yuletide cat was revealed last weekend in Lækjartorg in the city centre. It's a five metre tall and fairly creepy statue of this strange folkloric being, known for eating children who didn't get new clothes for Christmas.

AI does classic book covers: Link one.
AI does classic book covers: Link two.

A soundtrack for the Yule Goat as he abducts children to his mountain fastness in Lapland.

Bleg: what should I read to understand the Maronites?

"This possibly marks one of the few times in history when a computer generated code to be executed by humans": Knitting patterns generated by AI. Choice quotes from knitters:

 "...a bona fide eldritch horror..." "Okay, now who here has read Snow Crash?"

Marsupial-like pouches on birds, male birds to be precise.

With the feast day of St. Hilda behind us, it's been time to butcher lambs. The first (Oscar) was done today, since his cousin (Willoughby) was too wily. Our neighbor sells the skulls, so we needed to clean Oscar's.

Our neighbor throws her rams' skulls to the chickens, and after my viking wife shamed her ancestors by refusing to assist with the process, we did the same. They have been hiding from it since this morning. Outfaced by dermestids--a sad day for team Vertebrata.

IF Comp 2018 Review: Tohu wa Bohu

IF Comp 2018 Review: DreamLand

IF Comp 2018 Review: Erstwhile

MENO: I should say that in so far as they are bees, they don't differ from one another at all.

Plato, Meno, 72b, trans. W. K. C. Guthrie

How did Pleistocene Lake Bonneville affect Utah snowfall?

Locust: The Opera



Based on the book. Apologia and libretto excerpt here.

Hey, as an opera subject, locusts beat the hell out of Steve Jobs!

IF Comp 2018 Review: Bogeyman

IF Comp 2018 Review: Abbess Otilia's Life and Death

Triviality: if you can run a 400m in under 60 sec., you are moving as fast or faster than a (British, pre-war) cavalry charge.

Source: Doctrine and Reform in the British Cavalry, 1880-1918, by Stephen Badsey.

Creating a 'cavalry' tag for this, 'cause you're going to hear a lot more about it.

2018 IF Comp.

Frankly, nothing has stood out for me as yet.

At Marginal Revolution, technology without understanding.

The last Greko speakers of Calabria

Markia hystrix, the Lichen Katydid - this particular one's apparently in Costa Rica:

Through a tangled and half-forgotten path: Occupations of the Poor

Child-strippers: "Old debauched drunken hags who watch their opportunity to accost children passing in the street, tidily dressed with good boots and clothes"

River-finders, who would "haul[] out the flotsam of wood which might be used for firewood of a baby;s cradle, or the occasional corpse which could be turned in for a reward"; they were apparently a hereditary class.

Source. 

"Old men should not read the Romance of the Three Kingdoms; young men should not read the Water Margin."

Being 'nel mezzo del cammin di nostra vita' (Saint Hilda and Saint David, pray for us!), I feel it safe for me to read either. The explanation for this particular proverb I received when I first heard it was that young men are given to fighting, and the Water Margin is excited, while old men are given to deceptions, and the Three Kingdoms is full of machinations and schemes. But on reflection I think this interpretation is wrong.

Corvid Research blog.

Nothing to add, self-recommending.

MC Kamo-no-Chomei in the hut.... rock the evanescent like my girl, Sei Shonagon....

Some believe that [Vipera aspis. the asp] was introduced to Sicily by the Carthaginians during their conquest of the island in the years 398-368 BC, The basis for the speculation is that the Carthaginians were known to load a small boat with a collection of venomous snakes and push the boat toward enemy ships as a means of terrorizing their opponents prior to combat.

I'm skeptical, to say the least, but the claim is from Snakes, Gordon H. Rodda, Encyclopedia of Islands, ed. Rosemary G. Gillespie and David A. Clague, University of California Press, 2009, pg. 845.

In vengeance, Peculiar:

Some Limericks.

He must be a quintessential fool who does not realize that the following fifty limericks are a document of enduring value. And I beg leave to say that the collecion has been made not for such people, but for those who can appreciate its significance.

... 

I shall quote none of them. Caveat lector asinum.

For Odious:



Also this:



You're welcome!

Further Mexica content: Emily Short's review of MEXICA, procedurally generated stories around Aztec legends.

The creator, Rafael Pérez y Pérez, has articles here :

MEXICA: a computer model of a cognitive account of creative writing
The Three Layers Evaluation Method for Computer-Generated Plots

As what we watch and read becomes more closely monitored, proc gen art will become the new pulp. I'm laying down a marker, here.

I never know how late to these parties I've arrived, but here:

Things I Won't Work With

A quick paragraph or two from some selections:

From "Sand Won't Save You This Time":

Let’s put it this way: during World War II, the Germans were very interested in using [chlorine trifluoride] in self-igniting flamethrowers, but found it too nasty to work with. It is apparently about the most vigorous fluorinating agent known, and is much more difficult to handle than fluorine gas. That’s one of those statements you don’t get to hear very often, and it should be enough to make any sensible chemist turn around smartly and head down the hall in the other direction.

From "Azidotetrazolate Salts":

An early favorite has appeared in my “most alarming chemical papers” file for this year. Thomas Klapoetke and Joerg Stierstorfer from Munich have published one with a simple title that might not sound unusual to people outside the field, but has made every chemist I’ve shown it to point like a bird dog: “The CN7 Anion”. The reason that one gets our attention is that compounds with lots of nitrogens in them – more specifically, compounds with a high percentage of nitrogen by weight – are a spirited bunch. They hear the distant call of the wild, and they know that with just one leap of the fence they can fly free as molecules of nitrogen gas. And that’s never an orderly process. If my presumably distant cousin Nick Lowe does indeed love the sound of breaking glass, then these are his kinds of compounds. A more accurate song title for these latest creations would be “I Love the Sound Of Shrapnel Bouncing Off My Welder’s Mask”, but that sort of breaks up the rhythm.

With Mexica in the news of late, what with tzompantli and skulls and whatnot, it's worth remembering what an astonishing civilization they were.

Here's the Florentine Codex online. If the Aztecs had survived Cortez, kids would watch cartoons informed by their toltecat aesthetic, play Eagles vs. Jaguars, and beg their parents to let them take macuahuitl classes.

Reconsidering the lurid tale of Nag Hammadi.

(ht to Marginal Revolution)

Extinct gibbon found in Chinese tomb (possibly that of Shi Huang Di's grandmother)

Indo-European dog and wolf sacrifice traditions: linguistic and literary sources now supplemented by archaeology? This speculation strikes me as very weak sauce scientifically, but it's intriguing and certainly quite romantic.

HT: LanguageHat

Seedlings of the parasitic plant dodder can detect nearby plants (i.e. potential victims) and grow toward them.

Tracking the Roman economy in Greenland ice cores, via lead pollution from coinage.

Learn to say, "My hovercraft is full of eels" in many, many languages. Sadly, it turns out there is no word for eels in Amharic.

HT: Languagehat

I strongly suspect that more or less everyone in the world who would find this useful already knows about it, but nevertheless: Eastern Orthodox liturgical texts in various Alaskan indigenous languages.

Peculiar's post about fishing for salmon in Nevada got me thinking about how skewed our baseline intuitions are regarding faunal populations. We are very poor at considering how abundant animal life was even three or four hundred years ago, let alone imagining back in deep time. We wildly underestimate what "normal" looks like.

On that subject, here's a charming paper which uses historical Chinese sources to estimate gibbon populations over a four hundred year span, before local extinction.

They (gibbons) appear in some of the Judge Dee stories, I believe as a deliberate attempt to give an air of authentic antiquity (the stories themselves being written over a millennium after that perspicacious gentleman's life). The Van Gulik novels are worth tracking down, being the work of a Dutchman writing English mysteries based on deliberately anachronistic Chinese stories of the eighteenth century written using Tang dynasty sources. Guardians against cultural appropriation can work out who owes what to whom.

I'm giving this a 'primates' label, optimistic that it will see heavy use.

Remembering when one could fish for salmon in Nevada. Not in the Pleistocene, either, just before they dammed the Snake.

We now value tolerance over physical courage. Steve Bannon is literally Hitler.

There, I just saved you ten minutes.

Not disputing the above, mind you; just vexed at shallow classicism.

I now know where John C. Wright gets his ideas: mad Roman semi-demi-scientifiction.

Compare the following passages. First, from Titans of Chaos:

"I saw Mulciber's giants, fallen, with technicians in long brown coats walking across helmet-tops, directing spider-machines at their repairs. I saw fleets and battle-barges of Mavors, thrown onto shoals and rocks, with lizard-faced Laestrygonians bailing and shouting orders to running sailors.
I saw one group of Atlanteans in outer space, abandoning a tumbling space vessel, which glowed cherry red as its orbit decayed into the poisonous atmosphere of Venus. Atlanteans in black and silver armor dropped out of the airlock like pearls on a slightly curving string, one after another, and fell out and away from the dying ship."

Now,  Lucian of Samosata's A True Story
:
"That day we were entertained by the king; in the morning we took our place in the ranks as soon as we were up, our scouts having announced the approach of the enemy. Our army numbered 100,000 (exclusive of camp-followers, engineers, infantry, and allies), the Horse-vultures amounting to 80,000, and the remaining 20,000 being mounted on Salad-wings. These latter are also enormous birds, fledged with various herbs, and with quill-feathers resembling lettuce leaves. Next these were the Millet-throwers and the Garlic-men. Endymion had also a contingent from the North of 30,000 Flea-archers and 50,000 Wind-coursers. The former have their name from the great fleas, each of the bulk of a dozen elephants, which they ride. The Wind-coursers are infantry, moving through the air without wings; they effect this by so girding their shirts, which reach to the ankle, that they hold the wind like a sail and propel their wearers ship-fashion. These troops are usually employed as skirmishers. 70,000 Ostrich-slingers and 50,000 Horse-cranes were said to be on their way from the stars over Cappadocia. But as they failed to arrive I did not actually see them; and a description from hearsay I am not prepared to give, as the marvels related of them put some strain on belief."

This post took me over an hour to write, since I got caught up reading Titans and forgot that I was writing it. This said by way of fairly direct recommendation.

A survey of proto-paleoart: Leibniz puts in an appearance.

Enlarged spleens and possible Denisovan genetics influence: Diving abilities of the bajau sea nomads.

Happy St. George's Day, all!

Today it is traditional to gather dandelions for wine. I will not be doing so, since, not to put too fine a point on it, dandelion wine is terrible stuff.

From the Atlantic: Was There a Civilization on Earth before Humans?

"We’re used to imagining extinct civilizations in terms of the sunken statues and subterranean ruins. These kinds of artifacts of previous societies are fine if you’re only interested in timescales of a few thousands of years. But once you roll the clock back to tens of millions or hundreds of millions of years, things get more complicated."

Hey guys, try to keep up. I can't be the only one that's read Toolmaker Koan or The Green Marauder. Or Jack Vance, come to that.

In November 1917, a local oil baron united Chechen, Ingush and Ossetian peoples in a Mountain Republic, allied with Germany. The Republic had the distinction of being defeated by both sides in the Russian civil war – first by the Reds, in March 1918, then by the Whites, in May 1919.

Just one of many very obscure and short-lived nations from Russia's civil war. The Republic of Uhtua, the Soviet Republic of Soldiers and Fortress-Builders, Green Ukraine (which was in the Far East), the Confederated Republic of Altai, the list goes on. Some of them had interesting flags too.

"An Inordinate Fondness for Wasps" is a damn good title.

Here is the paper itself.

>We challenge the oft-repeated claim that the beetles (Coleoptera) are the most species-rich order of animals. Instead, we assert that another order of insects, the Hymenoptera, are more speciose, due in large part to the massively diverse but relatively poorly known parasitoid wasps.

Iranian pigeon towers.

The brief note below the pictures claims that the guano was used as fertilizer; I will simply add a link here to Encyclopedia Iranica's entry on the history of firearms in Persia and point out that guano has more bellicose uses, too.

So, they're teaching 'Africentric maths' up North. I've not much comment on the article per se, but I did want to mention that a) it's not a bad idea because b) the Egyptians had some brilliant, bizarre things going on even if c) the school in question (at least from this article) is just doing math with some pyramids thrown in.*

But in truth Egyptian math is a wonderful example of practical restrictions leading to deep understanding. Let's look at their use of fractions:

So did you know Anna Russell's summary of the Ring Cycle is on YouTube?

Also, how in Heaven's name have we never made a Wagner tag? Fixed!

For Odious: Traditional whip fighting in Madura, Indonesia. Plus music for whip fighting.

Time sink of the week: Cut the Knot.

An Old Welsh Lullaby my wife shared with me tonight.

One trouble with having gone through a certain sort of adolescence is that one cannot read the samkhya sutra without thinking about it in terms of a Dungeons and Dragons encounter table.

"Efficient Causes! Roll 1d8:

1) Virtue. Evolve to a higher plane (gain one level).
2) Knowledge. Emancipate and reroll.
3) Dispassion. Immune to purusa; gain 'absorption in pakriti' quality.
4) Power. Automatically succeed on next roll.
5) Vice. Descent to negative material plane.
6) Ignorance. As Hold Person.
7) Passion. Roll on Reincarnation table.
8) Weakness. Fail next opposed roll."

Fascinating paper on the longbow, and why it was not adopted to any great extent outside England and Wales.

A ruler who adopted the longbow by creating a culture of archery thus effectively armed a large segment of his population, which in turn created an opportunity that a usurping noble with an eye on the Crown could exploit. Such a noble could organize effective rebellion against his ruler by utilizing the large number of citizens with the human capital required for proficient use of the cheap and easy-to-produce weapon. A ruler therefore had to be confident in his political security to be willing to adopt the bow.

This explanation is of course wrong, as it was entirely due to our greater manly virtue and fortitude.

Modern analogues are left to the reader.

Amazing, if this research pans out and is verified - from the abstract:

We document Indigenous Ecological Knowledge and non-Indigenous observations of intentional fire-spreading by the fire-foraging raptors Black Kite (Milvus migrans), Whistling Kite (Haliastur sphenurus), and Brown Falcon (Falco berigora) in tropical Australian savannas. Observers report both solo and cooperative attempts, often successful, to spread wildfires intentionally via single-occasion or repeated transport of burning sticks in talons or beaks.